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Even Nature has had falsified papers accepted before and not just one time, either. There have been several famous cases of people submitting random or nonsense papers to journals and having them published. Peer review isn’t always so great, anyway. You’d like to think peer review would catch things like this, but the truth is, there aren’t that many peers at this depth of research. The head of the Delft project looked at the data again and in 2021 asked Nature to retract the paper and published an apology.Īccording to an article in Quanta, an independent committee concluded that the paper wasn’t deliberately fraudulent, but noted: “The authors had simply fooled themselves by zooming in only on the results that showed them what they hoped to see.” The Review Process is Itself Quite Challenging Data that didn’t support the conclusion had been excluded for no apparent reason, and processing all the data told a different story. Some of the Delft paper didn’t seem right and it seemed possible some graphs had been manipulated. He and a partner in Australia had been doing similar work and asked for the raw data from the Delft group. Sounds great, right? A researcher from the University of Pittsburgh read about the advance in the journal Nature, a well-respected scientific journal.
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The next year Microsoft, a company that wants to back topological quantum computing architecture, opened a research center on the school’s campus. The Majorana Announcementĭelft University of Technology announced they’d generated MZMs in indium antimonide nanowires. Many experts feel like topological qubits are the future of practical quantum computers because instead of encoding information in fragile quantum states, a topological computer is immune to the random errors that plague current quantum computers. So imagine the excitement in 2018 when scientists announced that they found a class of topological qubits based on Majorana zero-mode (MZM) quasiparticles - these are fermions that are their own antiparticles. Imagine if your 32-bit CPU could only handle six bits. Later research has dropped the number of qubits required down to five which appears to be the theoretical limit. It is then possible to determine if there has been a single physical qubit error using a complicated algorithm. Instead of copying a qubit directly, the computer can spread a logical qubit across nine actual qubits. There seems to be no way to practically duplicate a qubit. You can’t even copy a bit to use something like triple redundancy, either. So if you were to “read” a bunch of qubits to form a checksum or a CRC, you’d destroy their quantum nature in the process making your computer not very useful.
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The problem is, you can’t directly clone a qubit (a quantum bit), so it is hard to use traditional error correction techniques with qubits.Īfter all, the whole point to a qubit is we don’t measure it until the end of the computation which, like Schrödinger’s cat, seals its fate. We use it all the time on unreliable storage media or communication channels and high-reliability memory. That’s why every practical design today incorporates some sort of QEC - quantum error correction. One of the things we are pretty sure will limit quantum computer development is error correction.Īs far as we know, every quantum qubit we’ve come up with so far is very fragile and prone to random errors. However, you could probably guess where at least some of the problems would lie in the future. If you created a few logic gates with tubes back in the 1930s, it would be difficult to predict all the ways we would use computers today. Quantum computers are really in their infancy.